A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water and sometimes seawater is used to give medicinal baths. Spa towns or spa resorts including hot springs resorts typically offer various health treatments, which are also known as balneotherapy.
The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times. Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan. Day spas are also quite popular and offer various personal care treatments.
The term is derived from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium , whose name is known back from Roman times, when the location was called Aquae Spadanae , [1] sometimes incorrectly connected to the Latin word spargere meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten. Since medieval times, illnesses caused by iron deficiency were treated by drinking chalybeate iron-bearing spring water in , the iron-master Collin le Loup claimed a cure, [3] when the spring was called Espa , a Walloon word for "fountain" [3].
In 16th-century England , the old Roman ideas of medicinal bathing were revived at towns like Bath not the source of the word bath , and in William Slingsby who had been to the Belgian town which he called Spaw discovered a chalybeate spring in Yorkshire. He built an enclosed well at what became known as Harrogate , the first resort in England for drinking medicinal waters, then in Dr. Timothy Bright after discovering a second well called the resort The English Spaw , beginning the use of the word Spa as a generic description.
It is commonly claimed, in a commercial context, that the word is an acronym of various Latin phrases, such as salus per aquam or sanitas per aquam , meaning "health through water". Spa therapies have existed since the classical times when taking bath with water was considered as a popular means to treat illnesses. Archaeological investigations near hot springs in France and Czech Republic revealed Bronze Age weapons and offerings.
