Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. We also estimated the likelihood of naloxone possession and use as a function of programme duration, individual descriptive and substance use indicators. Primary outcomes: naloxone possession and use. The possession rates of naloxone corresponded well to the duration of each participating city's distribution programme.
Keywords: Naloxone, naloxone distribution, naloxone possession, overdose prevention, opioid overdose, people who inject drugs. Opioid overdoses are a growing concern. Increases in overdoses have also been seen in Australia 3 and throughout Europe 4.
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Given this global concern, efforts towards overdose prevention are critical. These programmes aim to train bystanders to administer the antidote during an overdose 5. Collectively, THN programmes have been found to be effective in reducing overdose mortality with low rates of adverse events 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , However, distribution rates must have adequate coverage to affect overdose mortality. McAuley et al. Understanding the uptake of naloxone interventions can help to optimize implementation of these programmes.
Furthermore, we estimated the likelihood of naloxone possession and use as a function of individual demographic and substance use indicators, as well as of the programme duration, that varied by city. This study used two separate data sets. The first had a prospective study design where naloxone distribution data was provided by the different participating facilities in various cities between June and August However, only the two first cities to implement the programme were able to provide complete distribution data including August at the time of data analysis.
Date for programme implementation in each city was also provided, as the programme was introduced stepwise to gradually include more cities. As in the original study, the targeted enrollment was approximately participants from each city; this sample size balanced the statistical power and funding constraints. For analytical purposes, Stavanger and Sandnes were combined. In the original study, cities were selected as they represented a variety of Norwegian cities and were among the largest cities in the country.
