Women China. Indirect damage mainly influenced the sapling and understory layers with wind-blown trees, broken branches and fallen leaves affecting other individuals. Individuals died in small areas, and some species disappeared from these layers.
Individuals of some dominant species decreased, but accounted for only a small part of their populations. Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices decreased slightly in the tree layer, in contrast to the sapling and understory layer.
However, a few species disappeared and the number of individuals of some species decreased in all layers. At least Methods Using data collected from 0. Snags mostly developed by uprooting and snapping, producing disturbed microsites that recruitment probably relied on. Standing trees and snags were clustered by each age class but randomly distributed when all classes were combined.
Standing trees above a given size formed snags in pulses at a scale that was also the optimum canopy gap size for establishing. Population dynamics are related to spatial pattern and provide a measure of ecological significance between population structure and spatial patterns. As a sun-loving species, B. Patterns in the distribution of standing trees appear to persist and were consistent with highly aggregated patterns of snags caused by natural disturbances across the stand.
Findings suggest that cohorts of the B. Precipitation is the main source of soil water on the sandland. During each rainfall, part of the rain water is intercepted by plants and the surface layer of soil.
